Modern Digital And Analog Communication Systems

PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1.2 DESIGN CHALLENGES: CHANNEL DISTORTIONS AND NOISES 1.3 MESSAGE SOURCES 1.4 CHANNEL EFFECT, SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO, AND CAPACITY 1.5 MODULATION AND DETECTION 1.6 DIGITAL SOURCE CODING AND ERROR CORRECTION CODING 1.7 A BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW OF MODERN TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2 SIGNALS AND SIGNAL SPACE 2.1 SIZE OF A SIGNAL 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS 2.3 SOME USEFUL SIGNAL OPERATIONS 2.4 UNIT IMPULSE SIGNAL 2.5 SIGNALS VERSUS VECTORS 2.6 CORRELATION OF SIGNALS 2.7 ORTHOGONAL SIGNAL SETS 2.8 TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER SERIES 2.9 FREQUENCY DOMAIN AND EXPONENTIAL FOURIER SERIES 2.10 MATLAB EXERCISES 3 ANALYSIS AND TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS 3.1 FOURIER TRANSFORM OF SIGNALS 3.2 TRANSFORMS OF SOME USEFUL FUNCTIONS 3.3 SOME FOURIER TRANSFORM PROPERTIES 3.4 SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH A LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEM 3.5 IDEAL VERSUS PRACTICAL FILTERS 3.6 SIGNAL DISTORTION OVER A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL 3.7 SIGNAL ENERGY AND ENERGY SPECTRAL DENSITY 3.8 SIGNAL POWER AND POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY 3.9 NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM: THE DFT 3.10 MATLAB EXERCISES 4 ANALOG MODULATIONS AND DEMODULATIONS 4.1 BASEBAND VERSUS CARRIER COMMUNICATIONS 4.2 DOUBLE-SIDEBAND AMPLITUDE MODULATION 4.3 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM) 4.4 BANDWIDTH-EFFICIENT AMPLITUDE MODULATIONS 4.5 FM AND PM: NONLINEAR ANGLE MODULATIONS 4.6 BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS OF ANGLE MODULATIONS 4.7 DEMODULATION OF FM SIGNALS 4.8 FREQUENCY CONVERSION AND SUPERHETERODYNE 4.9 GENERATING FM SIGNALS 4.10 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM) 4.11 PHASE-LOCKED LOOP AND APPLICATIONS 4.12 MATLAB EXERCISES 5 DIGITIZATION OF ANALOG SOURCE SIGNALS 5.1 SAMPLING THEOREM 5.2 PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) 5.3 DIGITAL TELEPHONY: PCM IN T1 CARRIER SYSTEMS 5.4 DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING HIERARCHY 5.5 DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION (DPCM) 5.6 DELTA MODULATION 5.7 VOCODERS AND VIDEO COMPRESSION 5.8 MATLAB EXERCISES 6 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION 6.1 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 6.2 BASEBAND LINE CODING 6.3 PULSE SHAPING 6.4 SCRAMBLING 6.5 DIGITAL RECEIVERS AND REGENERATIVE REPEATERS 6.6 EYE DIAGRAMS: AN IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC TOOL 6.7 PAM: M-ARY BASEBAND SIGNALING 6.8 DIGITAL CARRIER SYSTEMS 6.9 M-ARY DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATION 6.10 MATLAB EXERCISES 7 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY THEORY 7.1 CONCEPT OF PROBABILITY 7.2 RANDOM VARIABLES 7.3 STATISTICAL AVERAGES (MEANS) 7.4 CORRELATION 7.5 LINEAR MEAN SQUARE ESTIMATION 7.6 SUM OF RANDOM VARIABLES 7.7 CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM 8 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 8.1 FROM RANDOM VARIABLE TO RANDOM PROCESS 8.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES 8.3 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY 8.4 MULTIPLE RANDOM PROCESSES 8.5 TRANSMISSION OF RANDOM PROCESSES THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS 8.6 BANDPASS RANDOM PROCESSES 9 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 9.1 OPTIMUM LINEAR DETECTOR FOR BINARY POLAR SIGNALING 9.2 GENERAL BINARY SIGNALING 9.3 COHERENT RECEIVERS FOR DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATIONS 9.4 SIGNAL SPACE ANALYSIS OF OPTIMUM DETECTION 9.5 VECTOR DECOMPOSITION OF WHITE NOISE RANDOM PROCESSES 9.6 OPTIMUM RECEIVER FOR WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNELS 9.7 GENERAL ERROR PROBABILITY OF OPTIMUM RECEIVERS 9.8 EQUIVALENT SIGNAL SETS 9.9 NONWHITE (COLORED) CHANNEL NOISE 9.10 OTHER USEFUL PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 9.11 NONCOHERENT DETECTION 9.12 MATLAB EXERCISES 10 SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS 10.1 FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM (FHSS) SYSTEMS 10.2 MULTIPLE FHSS USER SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE 10.3 APPLICATIONS OF FHSS 10.4 DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM 10.5 RESILIENT FEATURES OF DSSS 10.6 CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE-ACCESS (CDMA) OF DSSS 10.7 MULTIUSER DETECTION (MUD) 10.8 MODERN PRACTICAL DSSS CDMA SYSTEMS 10.9 MATLAB EXERCISES 11 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS OVER LINEARLY DISTORTIVE CHANNELS 11.1 LINEAR DISTORTIONS OF WIRELESS MULTIPATH CHANNELS 11.2 RECEIVER CHANNEL EQUALIZATION 11.3 LINEAR T-SPACED EQUALIZATION (TSE) 11.4 LINEAR FRACTIONALLY SPACED EQUALIZERS (FSE) 11.5 CHANNEL ESTIMATION 11.6 DECISION FEEDBACK EQUALIZER 11.7 OFDM (MULTICARRIER) COMMUNICATIONS 11.8 DISCRETE MULTITONE (DMT) MODULATIONS 11.9 REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS OF OFDM AND DMT 11.10 BLIND EQUALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION 11.11 TIME-VARYING CHANNEL DISTORTIONS DUE TO MOBILITY 11.12 MATLAB EXERCISES 12 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION THEORY 12.1 MEASURE OF INFORMATION 12.2 SOURCE ENCODING 12.3 ERROR-FREE COMMUNICATION OVER A NOISY CHANNEL 12.4 CHANNEL CAPACITY OF A DISCRETE MEMORYLESS CHANNEL 12.5 CHANNEL CAPACITY OF A CONTINUOUS MEMORYLESS CHANNEL 12.6 FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE CHANNEL CAPACITY 12.7 MULTIPLE-INPUT--MULTIPLE-OUTPUT COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 12.8 MATLAB EXERCISES 13 ERROR CORRECTING CODES 13.1 OVERVIEW 13.2 REDUNDANCY FOR ERROR CORRECTION 13.3 LINEAR BLOCK CODES 13.4 CYCLIC CODES 13.5 THE BENEFIT OF ERROR CORRECTION 13.6 CONVOLUTIONAL CODES 13.7 TRELLIS DIAGRAM OF BLOCK CODES 13.8 CODE COMBINING AND INTERLEAVING 13.9 SOFT DECODING 13.10 SOFT-OUTPUT VITERBI ALGORITHM (SOVA) 13.11 TURBO CODES 13.12 LOW-DENSITY PARITY CHECK (LDPC) CODES 13.13 MATLAB EXERCISES A. ORTHOGONALITY OF SOME SIGNAL SETS A.1 TRIGONOMETRIC SINUSOID SIGNAL SET A.2 ORTHOGONALITY OF THE EXPONENTIAL SINUSOID SIGNAL SET B. CAUCHY-SCHWARZ INEQUALITY C. GRAM-SCHMIDT ORTHOGONALIZATION OF A VECTOR SET D. BASIC MATRIX PROPERTIES AND OPERATIONS D.1 NOTATIONS D.2 MATRIX PRODUCT AND PROPERTIES D.3 IDENTITY AND DIAGONAL MATRICES D.4 DETERMINANT OF SQUARE MATRICES D.5 TRACE D.6 EIGENDECOMPOSITION D.7 SPECIAL HERMITIAN SQUARE MATRICES E MISCELLANEOUS E.1 L'ÔPITAL'S RULE E.2 TAYLOR AND MACLAURIN SERIES E.3 POWER SERIES E.4 SUMS E.5 COMPLEX NUMBERS E.6 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES E.7 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS INDEX