Advances in Cosmetic Surgery, 2018

Editorial Board, Contributors, Introduction, Preface: A Look at What's New and What's Coming in Cosmetic Surgery, Nonsurgical Treatment of Submental Fullness Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com. Introduction: nature of the problem and noninvasive approaches Deoxycholic acid Surgical technique Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits Cryolipolysis Preoperative planning Preparation/procedural approach Immediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recovery Clinical results in the literature Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits Ultrasound and radiofrequency devices Summary/discussion Nonsurgical Skin Tightening: Moving Below the Neck: Breast Lifting, Arm Lifting Introduction Energy-based devices for skin tightening Radiofrequency Ultrasound Lasers Shockwaves New-Generation Fillers Noninvasive skin tightening of the body Neck Decollete Area Arms Abdomen Knees Summary Rejuvenation of the Neck Introduction Relevant anatomy The aged neck Surgical technique Preoperative planning Surgical options Positioning and surgical site preparation Procedure approach Rehabilitation and recovery Potential complications/risks/benefits/limits Management Summary/discussion Submentoplasty Treatment of Striae: Are There Effective Treatments? Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com. Introduction Surgical technique Preoperative planning Preparation and patient positioning Immediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recovery Potential complications, risks, benefits, and limits Management Treatment of striae Topical treatment of striae Dermabrasion Needling therapy Light-based treatment of striae Photodynamic therapy Nonablative laser treatment of striae Excimer Pulse dye laser Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Diode Ablative laser treatment of striae Fractional nonablative treatment of striae Fractional ablative treatment of striae Erbium:yag laser Co2 laser Radiofrequency devices Combination treatments Summary Updates in Cellulite Reduction Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com. Introduction Etiology Treatment options to date Advances in treatment Treatment technique for cellfina and cellulaze Preoperative planning (identical to both treatment options) Cellfina Cellulaze Summary Current Evidence in Nonsurgical Fat Reduction Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com. Introduction: nature of the problem Cryolipolysis (coolsculpting) Preprocedure planning Preparation and patient positioning Procedural approach Immediate post-procedural care Rehabilitation and recovery Clinical results in the literature Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits Management Chemical lipolysis (deoxycholic acid/ kybella) Preprocedure planning Preparation and patient positioning Procedural approach Immediate post-procedural care Rehabilitation and recovery Clinical results in the literature Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits Management Thermal modalities (ultrasound and radiofrequency) Preprocedure planning Ultrasound (ultraShape) Radiofrequency (bodyFX) Rehabilitation and recovery Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits Management Summary/discussion Nonsurgical Body Contouring Introduction Surgical technique Preoperative planning Preparation and patient positioning Procedural approach Immediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recovery Clinical results in the literature Lasers Radiofrequency Ultrasound Cryolipolysis Tissue stabilized-guided subcision Potential complications, risks, benefits and limits Management Summary Nonsurgical Vaginal Rejuvenation Introduction Pathophysiology Clinical treatment indications Traditional treatments modalities Current alternative nonsurgical vaginal rejuvenation options Laser-tissue interactions: ablative lasers Carbon dioxide laser Erbium:yag laser Radiofrequency Beyond the vagina: additional applications Urinary incontinence Lichen sclerosus Female genital aesthetics and intimacy Summary Cosmetic Surgery Following Weight Loss Surgery Introduction: nature of the problem Surgical technique Preoperative planning Markings Prep and patient positioning Markings Markings Markings Markings: abdominoplasty Rehabilitation and recovery Immediate postprocedural care Clinical results in the literature Potential complications/risks/benefits/limits Management Summary/discussion Nonsurgical Facial Rejuvenation By Neil SadickIntroduction Topicals Chemical peels and microdermabrasion Ultrasound Radiofrequency Lasers Lasers and Light Devices Volumetric Fillers and Neurotoxins Bringing It All Together with Combination Approaches Summary Radiofrequency with Microneedling Introduction Mechanisms of skin tightening and dermal rejuvenation Cutaneous response to radiofrequency Cutaneous response to microneedling Fractional radiofrequency: the evidence Radiofrequency with microneedling: the evidence Patient selection Radiofrequency with microneedling: the procedure Summary Injectable Fillers: Comparison of Materials, Indications, and Applications Introduction History of injectable fillers Classification and mechanical properties of fillers Types of biologic fillers Hyaluronic acid Bovine collagen Human collagen Types of synthetic fillers Calcium hydroxylapatite Poly-L-lactic acid Polymethylmethacrylate Product choice Injection techniques and general considerations Injection techniques Blunt cannula versus fine needle Patient Preparation Rejuvenation of the upper face Age-Related changes Temples Brows Forehead Glabella Rejuvenation of the midface Age-related changes Malar region Superior periorbital area Inferior periorbital area Crow's feet Nasolabial fold Nose Maxilla and alar base Rejuvenation of the lower face Age-related changes Perioral region Lips Jawline Jowls Marionette lines Other applications of injectable fillers Hand Acne and other scars Gender-specific considerations in men Complications and how to avoid them Adverse effects Immediate complications Early complications Late complications Summary High-Volume Lipofilling/Fat Transfer. New Methods, Techniques, and Technologies. What Is the Science? Introduction Surgical technique Rehabilitation and recovery Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits Discussion Summary Filler Complications Introduction Global filler safety Complications Nonischemic complications Nodules/granulomas Prolonged edema Tyndall effect Infection/biofilm Ischemic complications Soft tissue ischemia Blindness/visual compromise Summary Current controversies/future considerations Comprehensive Treatment of Scars and Other Abnormalities of Wound Healing Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com. Introduction: the impact of scars Clinical approach Acne and other atrophic scars Surgical technique: multimodal scar management Preoperative planning/considerations Preparation and patient positioning Rehabilitation and recovery Multimodal scar approach with algorithms Potential complications/risks/limits/ benefits Summary and future directions Advances in the Treatment of Melasma: An Evidence-Based Approach Introduction Pretreatment planning Patient history Physical examination Treatment approach Topical therapy Sun protection Depigmenting agents Oral therapy Tranexamic acid Chemical peels Glycolic acid peels Salicylic acid peels Microneedling Energy-based treatments Nonablative lasers 1550-nm fractional laser 1927-nm fractionated nonablative thulium laser Low-energy, low-density 1927-nm fractionated nonablative diode laser Fully ablative lasers Fractional ablative lasers Intense pulsed light Pulsed dye laser Quality-switched lasers Q-switched ruby Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminum- garnet laser Picosecond lasers Summary and discussion, Picosecond Lasers: Do the Data Support the Claims? Introduction Basic principles of tattoo removal Picosecond lasers and tattoos: the evidence Challenges to the treating tattoos Applying the evidence and treating the patient Pretreatment planning Treatment and posttreatment care Innovations and future directions: the fractionation of picosecond pulses Summary Hair Biology and Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis, Neogenesis, and Management Introduction Hair development Hair cycling Stem cell dysfunction in alopecia Normal hair demographics Diagnostic test for androgenetic alopecia Androgenetic alopecia Male pattern hair loss and treatment Female pattern hair loss and treatment Telogen effluvium and treatment Novel approaches to androgenetic alopecia Platelet-rich plasma Adipose tissue and stromal vascular fraction Conditioned media Low-level light therapy Summary Platelet-Rich Plasma: Fact or Fantasy? Introduction The history of platelet-rich plasma Definition and functional components of platelet-rich plasma Isolation of platelet-rich plasma and classification Current platelet-rich plasma applications Does platelet-rich plasma improve wound healing? Does platelet-rich plasma improve scar appearance? Does platelet-rich plasma enhance fat grafting? Does platelet-rich plasma promote hair growth? Does platelet-rich plasma rejuvenate the skin? What is the role of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct in cosmetic surgeries? Platelet-rich plasma in other specialties Adverse effects of platelet-rich plasma Future direction of platelet-rich plasma: turning fantasy into fact Updates in Medical Skin Care Introduction Topical cosmeceutical goals Key points Skin-lightening cosmeceuticals Key points Peptide-containing cosmeceuticals Key points xii CONTENTS Vitamin cosmeceuticals Key points Cosmeceutical botanicals Key points Summary Patient Safety Issues: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis by the Data Introduction Individualized risk stratification Inpatient/outpatient surgery Procedure-related risk Preoperative optimization Venous thromboembolism prevention strategies Future avenues Monitoring for adequacy of chemoprophylaxis Is the 2005 caprini risk assessment model accurate for cosmetic surgery? Summary